Safari Live - Day 11 | National Geographic

[Music]

Well, we are trying to see if we can't find a Terrapin once again. But suppose we should say hello at first. Good afternoon, everybody, and welcome to our Sunset Safari. We had a few technical issues, so we are now back with you guys, and hopefully everything will be sorted for the rest of our afternoon. Our chair, it is a beautiful afternoon, so we hopefully are going to have a wonderful time as we explore the northeastern corner of South Africa.

My name is Justin, and on camera today I've got Sebastian. As I was saying, we are going to be exploring, and it is live, which means that we would love to hear from all of you. So hashtag Safari Live on Twitter or on the YouTube chat if you want to get hold of us. I did say it was a warm hot day; it almost feels as though it's summer. So, he came down towards—we asked them to see if there wasn't anything lurking—and there is a hippo, if you can believe it, somewhere in this dam.

But unfortunately, it seems to be very shy; there its nostrils are just a little nose sticking out. So, a very shy hippo. It's getting a breath, and under it goes again; it doesn't want anything to do with us at this stage. So, it's being a little bit of a terror when it comes to that. Also, the Terrapins seem to be giving Seb a hard time. I can actually see one floating in the distance; they serve in the dark green part of the reflection. You'll see that there is a head just on the left side; there it is.

So, there's some Terrapins that I have the best possible place today; they are enjoying a bit of sunshine and the pool, basically. I think they have definitely got it right this afternoon. Now, I'm going to explore all of the water holes because it is a warm afternoon. But Dr. Tara is back in familiar territory, and she's decided that she's going to teach us all the wonderful and weird things that we have here from the confines of the tent back in the office.

So, yes, welcome! My name is Tara, and joining me on camera this afternoon is Senzo and James. I promise I won't break anything—well, I'll try not to break anything. So, I'm very excited to be in the tent and do it. Well, I'm calling it the Aladdin's Cave; it's amazing! So, we'll have a look in there shortly. But for those who weren't on safari, we picked this up this morning. This was from a lappet-faced vulture—absolutely fantastic! Look at the size of it!

So, we did go and have a look at the carcass, and we thought we would go and see what the vultures were doing. The lappet-faced vulture was sat there on the tree, and he toileted, which tends to suggest they're about to take off. He didn't take off while we were live. So, as we crossed to went across to Tristan, he then took off as we drove underneath, and this fell out. Now, that's very normal, so don't worry; that's not losing its feathers just willy-nilly; it's very, very normal for Toulouse feathers, even the primaries like this during a molt.

And what they normally do is molt the same feather on both wings so that they actually balance. But look at the size of it! So, this lappet-faced vulture—this is its primary feather, and one of the outermost primaries, and that's the ones that you see when the birds are actually soaring. It's the ones you see that look like fingers, but look at the size of that! It's just absolutely incredible!

I just can't get over the size of this, and then you can see the part that will actually go into the bird. I mean, look at that! It's pretty thick, isn't it? I mean, that's almost half the width of my finger! That is just crazy! Now, I know this is a primary feather because we can actually see it's very uneven either side. And I was actually correct this morning; I got myself all muddled. So, I was calling this ratchet, and I was thinking, "No, it's not the ratchet!" But it actually is!

So, this is the ratchet, the middle section, and then these are the veins. But you can see it's very uneven. So, we've got the very thin leading edge just like that as a plain wing, and then you've got the trailing edge, which is much longer. If you've sat on a plane, which I'm sure many people across the world have done, so I'm usually behind—I'm usually this side of the wing.

So you can see it is exactly the same shape as an airplane's wing. So, you have the leading edge, which is quite steep, and that forces the air over the top. And then you've got the trailing part. But as I say, it takes quite a while for the air to flow over the top and not as quick—not as long a time to actually have the air flowing underneath. So, it's that that provides the lift because there's a difference in the pressure above and below the wing, basically.

So, this goes over, and the air underneath—and as I say, it can actually provide the lift. So if I actually demonstrate where these promises are, so if I was a vulture, it would actually stick out like fingers. And so I'd have a few of those, and this provides the thrust. So if we can actually—if I can sort of waft it to you, hopefully you're picking up just from one feather the sound that is actually creating. Hopefully, you're picking that up.

So, if you can imagine that the vultures are actually about eight kilos in weight, the lappet-faced, so it's got to take quite a lot of thrust to get off the ground. So, can you imagine having quite a number of these primaries to actually provide that lift? So when they're doing that, it's just lifting them off the ground. And then we have all the secondaries on this part of the arm or wing.

And I think Paula and Willow are actually asking what the wingspan of a vulture actually is. So it's about 2.8 meters—so pretty impressive. I mean, I'm feeling like a Roger right now with this primary wing. But then we say we do have the secondaries, which provide the lift. So once the bird gets into the sky with the primaries doing the thrust, then you have the secondaries on this section of the arm or wing to provide the lift, and they just soar.

And the primaries will all be spread out again like little airplane wings just to stop them from stalling. Because if they don't have that, then it becomes a little bit turbulent. And I'm sure everyone's experienced turbulence in the airplane, and that's just because you lose this differential difference in the wind flowing over the wing and under the wing, and that's what stalls, and they could actually drop out of the sky.

So, they just adjust it and have the primaries out, and that keeps them from stalling. Same as in the airplanes, the pilots actually use the wing flaps and things like that just to regain that thrust. So yeah, pretty impressive!

Anyway, so I am gonna add this, James, to your little Aladdin's cave. So I hope you enjoy this, just watch the bone behind you there. And yeah, we're gonna see what else we've got in here, which I'm very, very excited about. And so we are live, so if you do have any questions, just like Paula sent through just now, please do send them through, 'cause it's always great to hear from you guys. And as I say, welcome to the Aladdin's cave; perhaps you amazing. I'm so excited!

So, I'm gonna put this up here, so just for you, James, that is my contribution. So I'm hoping it's going to stay there, and it doesn't sneak off into anybody's bags. So we're gonna say take a ride with Tristan now, and when we come back, I'll tell you a bit about the skulls I find in here.

Well, I'm sure Tara is going to have lots of fun in that tent. There are so many little things to look at. And I remember the first time I was in the tent—I think it was difficult to actually think about what you wanted to talk about, because there are so many cool things that we don't get to see that often on Drive.

It was nice to actually be in there. I'm sure Tara, with all of her wealth of knowledge, should be very interesting and very entertaining in the tent. So, I'm looking forward to the next few hours with her there, and I'm glad that all of you get to see it. I'm a bit jealous, actually, that I can't watch and see all of the information that she's going to impart onto all of you, so it should be very cool to see. Now, we've got a bit sidetracked.

That she asked them, we were watching a few birds coming down and having a bath and just having a bit of a laugh. It's our hippo who decided we are no good; it's no reason for him to see us at all, and he's been hiding ever since we last saw you guys. It has not helped at all, but we are now leaving Treehouse dam and slowly making our way towards Twin Dams to see if there isn't any sign of any Eddie's or anything that could potentially be drinking.

I was saying to Seb that the Molarity is probably a really good place to spend a bit of time this afternoon, being that it's quite warm. I would imagine that the shady banks of the Malarte are going to be a perfect place if you are an animal; it would be a nice place to kind of rest and take it easy and also to be able to feed. So, that's our plan, I reckon.

When it gets a bit cooler, then I'm going to try and see if I can't go and search in that area which Shadow and Cub have been and see if there isn't any sign of them around that side. So that's my plan for the afternoon. Hopefully, it will be a successful one, and I should show you some spots that would certainly make my day. That would be great! Exactly! But it is a beautiful day.

There must be a cold front coming because it feels like we've just finished with winter, and it's now going straight into summer. It's a beautiful temperature; actually, I think it must be about 28 or 29 degrees somewhere around there. Maybe Chantal can give me an exact temperature for the afternoon, but I would imagine it would be in that area.

There we go, 28 degrees and 82 Fahrenheit. You see, I should be a weather man! I've missed my calling! I feel like a weather man would be an interesting job.

I feel like—oh, awesome! Look at that! There's a monitor lizard on the roads. Well done, Sam! Spotted! I wasn't even looking, but that's a rock monitor that we've got crossing the road. It's not a very big monitor lizard; he's rather smart. You can see he froze in panic in the hope that I wouldn't come driving over him, which we've luckily spotted him in time, and he's going to make his way towards a tree where he'll go and hide out.

These rock monitors love to be in old dead trees, in the holes and trees, and they camouflage so well when they get on there. But I don't know if you noticed; we normally see the Nile monitors, and they have the sharp pointy noses and are very yellow in color, whereas this guy was very gray and had a blunt nose, so that's super cool!

I haven't seen one of these guys in a long time, and it just actually goes to show how warm it is today if we're seeing monitor lizards. Where did you go, buddy? There you are, sir! Bees rapture!

The Kekulé—this is—are you gonna stay there for us? Hopefully, he's going to stay there for us. I'm gonna try not to move too much, but he's just sitting in the grass. There we go. Look at that! Isn't that cool?

So you can see the nostrils, the eyes, and even the ear holes on the face. And I was talking about that very bland, turd-rounded head, and you can see it clearly now in comparison to the water monitors.

Sir Soccer Shark, who’s a new viewer, welcome Soccer Shark to the family and to the largest Safari vehicle, and you want to know how big one of these lizards gets. Well, they can get close to 2 meters long, so 2 meters would be about 6 foot. Their tails get really, really big; you'll find that the tail is probably most of the body on those really large guys.

And then they do have quite a big body as well, so they can get absolutely massive, and for a lizard, that's very, very large. And unfortunately, they do come frogs very well too, so once they get into the grass, they disappear. But that's an exciting start to the day; certainly very cool to see!

Deer watch, are you wondering if the rock monitors can get into the water and be similar to what the water monitor is? Yes, they'll be able to get into water and still be able to maneuver through water, but they just don't like it. It's not their preferred habitat.

They prefer to be in places where there is solid ground underfoot, so they're much like some people. Some people don't really like the water much and will stay away from it, and others absolutely love it. So, it's a bit similar to that. But if they have to, and they have to, say, in a time of flood or rain, and they've got to get through water, they most certainly will do that.

They're not going to just avoid it and try and go around a river; they will go over and through the rocks and all kinds of things if they have to. So, they're not completely phobic of water, but they're a big problem for squirrels and birds and those kind of things.

Like I said, they spend a lot more time in the trees, so they're far more arboreal than what you'll see with all the water monitors, and they'll find holes where they'll live. But then they'll also go and scout—will not scavenge but hunt for food items. So they'll go look for eggs, and they'll look for birds, baby birds, and baby squirrels and feed those.

David, you're wondering if other animals mistake it for a snake. Mmm, I don't know, David. It's an interesting one. You don't really hear the birds alarm calling quite as much as we watch your words for a snake itself. But what you will find is that things like the snake eagles, fish eagles, Marshall eagle in particular, will actually go after these monitor lizards quite regularly.

So maybe from a long way away, they see that slinking motion, and they do come down and have a go at it. But I'd imagine I'd like to give animals more credit than what we think. They're actually clever enough to know that it's something different than a snake, that it's got legs.

But it will still get hunted quite effectively, and it will be treated with respect because even though it doesn't have venom and it's not able to bite you, it's got a jaw that just clamps, and it will stay on you.

And it's really difficult to get them off. I remember training with somebody that got bitten by one, and we had to use pliers to actually open the jaw so that it could get it off the guy, which I didn't really feel sorry for him because he shouldn't have picked it up in the first place.

But they have an incredibly powerful jaw that's also full of bacteria, and it's not gonna be a great bite to have. And on top of that, that very long tail that they will use to whip out and try and keep predators at bay.

So even though they might not have the fangs, they still have a way to keep predators at bay, and you'll find the predators will try and sort of keep them at bay or try and treat them with a bit of respect.

Now, just checking Janet Jackson's hole quickly to see if there's any sign of Janet Jackson, but again, nothing. And like I was saying yesterday, I think we're gonna have to pretty much resign ourselves to the fact that Janet Jackson has found a new house on the hills somewhere, and we'll just have to keep looking and try and find a new one.

But while we look, let's go back to Tara in the tent and see what she is busy playing with and whether or not she's got anything under the microscope yet.

Totally! I have been having a look around. What is here? So we've got quite a few skulls, which are so interesting. So I'm going to be showing you a few, but we've got a few of the carnivore skulls here. We've got a few leg bones, femurs, things like that.

This guy here, I wonder if anybody can guess what that is! Or maybe you know already, but yeah, if there's any new views, hashtag Safari Live or YouTube, what skull does this belong to? But it looks like we've got a buffalo up here. We've got a ville de BS, so there's some pretty amazing things in here. That's just absolutely wonderful!

I do—I just feel like I'm in an Aladdin's cave! But yeah, we got a few tortoises down here; we've got a baboon skull down here. He's hiding down here, but it's amazing! I do—I just don't know where to start!

But I think what we’re gonna do, we’re gonna start with these two here. I've already picked them out because I did actually get asked a question a few days ago about what the difference was between a cat and a dog.

And there's mainly, it's to do with the skull! So what I'm gonna do is maybe grab these, and we can have a look because I was trying to explain it, and unfortunately, it’s very difficult to explain.

So if I grab them, they will be able to explain us a little bit more. But this one is the cat skull, and I believe this is a serval—nice big eye sockets there. And this one I believe is a wild dog, so those are the two.

You can see there's not too much sort of outwardly; it doesn't look like that's there how much difference really. But what is really amazing to me is how short the wild dog skull actually is, and yeah, apparently that is quite normal.

So there's—after it does seem to be a wild dog skull, because I was wondering if it was right or not, but yep! It looks like it could well be! But yeah, so let's grab these. Then I'll pick this one up. I’ll come around and grab the other. But the Rove out!

So, we're gonna see if we can have a play with that as well! So, that's what the joystick is doing here. So, if we can get that working—because when we started talking about doing the tent, everyone started saying, "Oh yeah, we've got this, and we've got that! So why don't we try it?"

Because obviously Connor is the drone flier as well, so he's out and about. So, we've got a couple of things lined up. Hopefully, I will be able to cut to him as well! So maybe when we come back, we can see if he's out and ready for us to come to him and say, "Yeah! We would like to try and catch up with maybe the vultures at the carcass!"

Which I didn't get a chance to do! And there's also been some monkeys calling just about two hours, two and a half hours ago now, going, and they're really intense on the drainage line.

Now, a lot of you have seen him talking about the drainage line behind final control, and they were all looking in there and were wondering if maybe the little—oh, what's her name again? It's just popped out of my head! Madam Gorillas!

Curb and hey, welcome to me! Thank you very much! It was Sean Gilly! That's funny—he just popped out of my head. But I'm wondering if she's actually around that drainage line, 'cause Karula loves that drainage line! Most of her cubs would have been brought up in that drainage line.

And I'm sure these latest two are no exception! So there was definitely something moving around. My money is on a leopard in there. So we're gonna see if we can maybe put the drone out. It would be great to see that drainage line from the air because, I say, we've always talked about it. The bush is very thick there, so we could never really get a vehicle in there, so that's really exciting as well!

So I'm gonna see if we can get this now. I have been having a little play. But this is going to be interesting to see if I can actually get it working. I want the other skull as well! So, being very, very careful not to drop these gems!

So yeah! So we've had a look at the eye sockets. So the serval stands probably about that sort of height off the ground—quite a tall cat. Very slender legs, because it does usually go through the thick grass.

And then the eye sockets for obviously detecting prey, but it's also got very large ears for detecting rodents running through the grass as well. So that is the serval. And I believe a wild dog with quite a short nose, really for a canine.

So that's really the first thing! The cats do have these very short slender—sorry, short stubby faces, whereas the dogs tend to have that long nose and muzzle. But the main things are actually underneath.

So, there's three things that differentiate cats and dogs now apparently. So this is really exciting for me to actually have the two side by side. So this is the parrot occipital process which actually attaches muscles that help to open the jaw.

And this attachment here is where it happens. So that's the dogs. Now that's not independent from this temporal ball or the auditory bullae, whereas in the cats it is. Can you see there's actually a little ridge there?

And I'm just wondering if I can actually get the microscope out and see if we can see that a little bit closer. So, I'm just going to shift that, so I'm not going to pull the lead out too far.

And just see if we can work that one out. Thank you! There we go! Let's go to the microscope and let's see. So, there we go! So, if I'm actually able to hold it steady, so this here, that ridge there—so that's the para-tosse a butyl process.

So, I do need to come over a little bit. Whoo! Wow! This is like flying a drone! There we go! Okay! So, and then we've got the temporalis ball a here if you want to bring the camera back in so you can be able to see that again!

So hopefully, we'll be able to get a nice view of that. So yeah, so that ridge—that’s separate to the ball a, basically. Now, inside the ball a, the cats actually have a dividing wall, so it separates the front and the back parts internally, so that's separated by—it's called a septum basically.

So that's just the dividing wall, and there we go. Yep! So, of course, we can't see that, and the dogs don't have that dividing wall. So, inside, they don't have this what they call anterior and posterior chamber.

And then the last thing—and then my—oh actually, that does work nicely! So you can see this is the ear meters here, and that's circular. There we go! And on the dogs, it's actually a tube.

So I might need to use the—oh, you might be able to see it if I turn it that way towards you! There we go! So it's actually a tube in the dogs! So those are the three main differences with the schools between the cats and the dogs!

So there you go! So hopefully, not too sick with my little wobbly hand there, but yeah, so really interesting recited! I'm so glad I could actually show it to you. It's so much easier to point them out on the school rather than trying to describe it.

So, yeah! So let's see what Tristan has, and we'll see what else we can find in this Aladdin's cave to show you.

Well, Tara, I've got something that's been a point of contention between all of us, and we have been discussing it a few times as we get asked to the weight of the kudu horn. So these are what we were talking about, and we've had a few conversations, and I alluded to it earlier this morning while I think yesterday afternoon as to what I thought they weighed.

But we have this discussion in camp now as to what we do horns would weigh. Now, I said to Tara this morning, because I forgot to ask her, "Are we talking about just the two horns or the horns attached to the skull?" Because that’s all going to affect the weight of them in the end.

Either way, they are seriously impressive sets of horns! You can see that male in particular has beautiful horns, and they've out in that big V! And I love when kudus get quite widespread horns. Some will have narrow spread horns like the one in the middle; these are quite narrow and close together, but others get these very widespread ones, and those are my favorites!

I always like when they go quite wide, and when they get really long, it just looks so impressive! But they keep staring really close to where we are, and I've looked around, I can't see any sign of anything, and they're not alarm calling in any way. But maybe there's a couple of Franklin's that are busy rooting about in the grass there that’s keeping their attention because they keep turning and looking towards our direction—well, not our direction, but a little bit north of us—and pushing their ears and kind of staring.

So I wonder if it isn’t something walking around in there that’s making a little bit of noise that they're picking up. But I can tell you one thing; we've been sitting with these guys for the last ten minutes, and it is so peaceful here!

We've got these canoes that are just sitting under the shade of the tree, there's some birds chirping, and other than that, it's just quiet and still. It really feels like a Sunday afternoon in the bush! It feels like all the other animals have decided to take it easy this afternoon too.

Paulette, you're wondering if the horns stop growing when they reach a certain length. Well, Paulette, no, they don't! They will continue to grow, but there is genetics that are involved, so that will limit some sizes of horns. Some will have bigger than others, and also, you will find that there's a nutrient aspect to it as well.

So the more nutrients they get, typically the more the bone grows on the head, and the horns get big and strong, and they are able to last! So those are two sides of it. And also, once it gets to the third turn, the rate of growth starts to slow down exponentially.

You'll find in the first few turns, their growth is quite quick. So the kudu goes from a tiny baby to two, three years, and it's really got its first turn and approaching its second turn, and then after that it really starts to slow down. From about five years, the growth rate is very much slower. But they do continue to grow throughout—this is much like most animals' horns.

They don't stop growing; there's constantly calcification of the skull or of the bone on the skull, and that causes the extra length to develop. In the case of things like buffalo, it just makes the boss a lot larger! But with these guys, you get a little bit of extra length as they go.

Sokka Shock, they will use their horns to crash with one another. And in fact, kudu have a real big problem because of the shape of their horns; they often get into a situation where they get entangled and they cannot get out of it.

So what happens with a kudu horn—and I'm sure our feet are all built, you could have horns in the tent, and she'll be able to show you what I'm talking about. But they have this screw shape, and there's actually a little line that runs up the horn, almost like a ridge, and what happens is these horns go together, and that ridge almost locks into the horns of the other kudu, and they can't get them out for anything.

And it then ends up that maybe one of them either breaks their neck, or they can't get untangled, and they then can't feed and drink, and they die. Like, that's all predators find them and kill them, so it's a big problem with kudu!

This happens quite regularly; I've seen a number of different scale carcasses where kudu's horns are attached like that. And in fact, when I was doing some walks in the Lebombo concession on the eastern side of Kruger, if there was a skull—there was two skulls of kudu—the horns were interlocked! And the guys were telling me that they had been there for many, many years, and you could pull as hard as you wanted to; those horns could not come out!

Even with us as people with dexterous hands and poseable thumbs to try and pry and wrench, we could not get those horns apart until such time as the carotene sheath—which is that dark sheath over the top of the bone—had rotted away and had been eaten by these horn-boring moths that loosened up and the connective tissue disappeared and that then it slipped off that sheath and then the bones came apart!

But it was really quite something to feel just how tight those horns had been pulled in! They struggle to get free. It's almost as though once it gets entangled a little bit, the struggle to get themselves free causes them to actually pull tighter and tighter, and then, unfortunately, it gets a little bit of a problem.

So they do use them to fight with one another; they won't really use them to protect themselves all that much from things like lions. Lions tend to be able to deal with it, but things like wild dog and hyena—I have seen kudu standing their ground and using those horns to try and impale those animals particularly because there's quite a few of them and they often entangle.

There is an absolutely massive kudu that's on its way now. Hopefully, it's going to come out just now. So it's just behind the thicket, and it's coming from our right-hand side moving towards this bull in picture. And hopefully, he'll come out now.

You wondering if the horn size matters to the females? Now, Kat, the thing about the horn size is what it's going to happen. I bring along, and you can see very similar spiraled horn and brown coloration with that white striping. They have a very similar look to them in what they could—kudu do is just slightly more hairy on the nuula and a lot smaller.

Now, Kat, I was saying you're asking about the horns and whether they matter in terms of females. So, yeah, the thing about the horns is that it's going to impress other males more than anything else, which means they're going to be able to dominate other males and therefore be able to mate with females more often.

So, it’s more that that gets them into a stage where they can actually dominate other males, and that allows them to mate more than the females actually wanting to mate with them because their horns are bigger. Ideally, the females do see this larger animal with larger horns, and they know that he's more impressive, and if he can push out all the competition, then he's definitely an individual that they want to mate with.

Now I'm gonna go around because these guys are heading straight towards Treehouse dam for a drink. And I'm gonna try to see if I can't get them drinking. And while we do that, let's go back to Tara, who I believe does have a set of spiraled horns that she can show you a little bit closer.

Yes, that was so impressive, sure! I mean, that bull with the spread—that really was very impressive that we're definitely gonna have a play with the kudu horns, and we'll see if we can try and guesstimate the weight there. But I believe Comrade Connor is ready and waiting with the drones, so I think we should definitely check that out and see if we can get some fantastic views.

So, Corno, if you're ready, definitely make that pretty fly! So definitely excited to see that. So there we go! Right above the carcass now, I was hoping we might see some vultures on that car, because it looks like there may be one or two there.

So, yeah, it looks like there could be maybe one or two on the ground there. And oh, that looks like a hornbill just to the left of your screen! So that's all that's left!

So that's the that's all that's left of the buffalo carcass! I mean, that's three days! That is just incredible—absolutely incredible!

There’s a guy—I forget, but it is actually the vultures on the ground now. It’s funny to see the bush from this height; it doesn't look that thick, but believe me, when you're driving through it in the vehicle, it is very thick!

It does feel very thick, but that is absolutely stunning— that spectacular view ride across the Sabi Sands there! Now the lions did actually drag the buffalo a little bit, so it was lying up to the left of your screen now.

And they might drag it to the next bush, so yeah, you can see that the track that we were coming in on and going around to the right. So most lionesses were there was a little island actually, that you c-minuses Rahl lying up there now.

We were very privileged. We went out to take some of the staff last night to have a look at the lions, and the males started crawling, and there was actually a male behind the termite mound that's just to the right of the screen now.

He was calling from behind there, and it was really quite epic! So we were hoping maybe the boys were going to be around there— the Birmingham boys! So there you go, you can see the tracks! Just to the left of the screen that we were using to come in, heading in a road just in the distance—it just comes into view every so often.

But it's amazing how dry the bush actually looks from up here! Sure, it really is quite amazing. You can see, actually, there's quite a few trees—you might be able to work out quite a few green trees where the river line or that the riverbed is actually again cutting across the top portion of the screen.

So hopefully, you can actually work out that quite dark line of trees that still—there’s one or two green there because there’s still a little bit of water underneath, so there is still able to stay green.

But that really is quite amazing—not too many vultures around in the trees; there’s one or two. Ah! This is just absolutely epic! Really fantastic views!

We're really hoping that perhaps we were going to see some vultures in flight, but maybe they are still just around the carcass, maybe just feeding where we couldn't see them. But yeah, absolutely incredible, wasn't it? I mean, just to see it from that height, you just don't—you really don't realize the scale when you're driving around, but to see it and just the expanse!

I mean, it's quite low lying here. I think it’s around 200 meters above sea level—not too many mountains in this area, but when we get to a slightly higher point, you can actually look across too!

I believe it’s the Lebombo Mountains towards Mozambique way. So, yeah, it's a few places you can see that!

But he's quite amazing! I say, you don't really realize how dry the bush is until you see it like that—absolutely incredible!

So let's have a look at these. These are not as impressive, I fear, as the ones we've just been seeing with Tristan, but they are pretty weighty!

Now, as I say, we will kind of sort of debating where we take the weight of the horns. Unfortunately, I would say I think someone did feed me through some slightly wrong information, and to be honest, I totally forgot really what 20 or 30 kilos actually feels like.

And I now realize you know, that's actually a drum of petrol, or when I was actually working in the captive, with the captive animals, it would be a 20-gram bag of food that we used to put on the shoulders—still pretty weighty!

So perhaps not as weighty as what we're kind of thinking. So maybe at the 10-kilo side; but I still try and do some digging to see if we can find it. We were hoping to find some scales, but apparently no one has any scales around here!

But it would be quite nice to actually weigh these! Now the other thing I wanted to show you—ah! So actually, Connor’s got an elephant! Their commander—Connor! So let's have a look at the elephant because this is not going anywhere but the elephant mind!

So let's have a look! How exciting! I'm really, I'm just loving these toys! It's amazing! So there we go! Oh, look at that! So, we're actually at the southern side of Gary down by the looks of it, and the elephant is—he just came out of the Nouar tea, so he's pointing towards where the lodge is now.

So the camera is actually on the tree just at the top of the suit of the screen. So if you want to try and orientate yourself with the dam cam, so he's actually heading west! I wonder what he would make of the drone?

He’s got his head held high, so I’m wondering if he’s actually hearing the drone, because remember—yeah! And he’s got his trunk—oh! Look at that! I wonder who’s trying to smell where the drone is.

It's quite interesting, but obviously they've got very good hearing! There we go; we've got some more elephants there!

So very good hearing! The outer ear does act like a big satellite dish, and apparently, elephants can hear up to about ten kilometers away! But you know, they're doing a lot of research, and the more they're learning about the communication, the more complicated it gets!

They also believe they can feel the vibrations through their feet in the ground! And yeah, it's believed they could tell individual elephants up to about a kilometer away!

How's a few youngsters there as well! Oh, this is absolutely fantastic! And this is all live, folks! This is completely live! So, Connor is out there right now!

Is that Connor? I think I can see him! The elephants are heading towards you, Connor! I think I see the vehicle parked! This is absolutely fantastic! Again, just to see it from a different viewpoint, it really is quite amazing!

I thought they were going to be—not as noisy as what I thought it was going to be as well, but it does look like a little book hanging in the air! It’s quite amazing; I'll say, “little,” it’s a lot bigger than I thought it was going to be.

But this is a small family group, and it looks like there’s one youngster there and some teenagers and possibly that bull right at the back. You can see he’s still putting up his trunk—incredibly good sense of smell! We've got the quarantine just at the top, and we have had cheetah on there before now!

Some of you might remember we came out of FC, which would be to the right of the screen, just coming onto the quarantine, and we had the uncle humor female lions just that dominant on that side—the northern side.

And then actually what's on your screen now—and we had cooler actually taking out this is what a leopard—first of the newer viewers—she was actually taking out an Impala, and it’s almost like it was right under the noses of the lions! Quite amazing!

Look at this! This really is just so exciting! And again, it just looks so open there, but once you get down to the ground, it’s actually not as open as what it seems! You can see one of the elephants actually doing that foot rocking!

Not sure what to make of it; it's very typical behavior! There you can see them flapping their ears as they go, and that again is very typical!

As it's not aggression, it's just trying to keep cool. And as Tristan said, it’s extremely hot at the moment! It feels like summer! It really does; it’s really quite amazing how these temperatures are soaring at the moment, and yet this morning it was still fairly chilly!

So, it goes from one extreme to the other, and that’s really one of the things the animals have to deal with, you know, the extremes in temperature! And that would be quite an interesting study using drone footage to see the pattern of movement of the elephants.

That would be pretty amazing! Obviously, there's a very nice tree—it’s possibly an acacia—they're all feeding off of it, perhaps! It's amazing, isn't it?

Sure, so unfortunately, we are going to be saying goodbye to Connor; his last day is today! So, these are going to be some of his last flights, so I'm really hoping we’ll carry on finding some more animals for you as he flies the drone!

And as I say, hopefully, we'll be able to fly it over that drainage line that we keep referring to behind me at FC! I had some leopards come out of there!

I was actually directing one day, and we actually had a little Shipinji walking underneath the window, which was really quite incredible! Apparently, Karula herself has come to this tent—I believe somebody was just sitting outside and chilling—and Karula came up and checked them out as well!

So, really quite amazing! And oh, we were going to go into the kudu horns! So, just to show you, I think there was a young viewer who wanted to see what actually grows or lives on horns once the animals died!

So, if I turn this around for you, so you can see all of this mess here. Now this is the excrement from their horn-boring moth, and you might be able to see some holes.

So, they've actually found their way into the horn. If I do—do you want me to turn it around, or can you see some of the holes? Yeah, see! Oh! There we go, on this side here—that's possibly easier!

So the holes here, so some of the smaller holes, and then once the caterpillar goes in there, they'll actually be feeding on the keratin. Now believe me, it’s the strangest thing! I’ve actually been sat underneath a set of horns like this that were mounted on the wall, and you can actually hear these caterpillars eating the keratin!

It’s really quite a creepy sound! And then as they’re eating it, the excrement comes out in these tubes, so that’s what you’re seeing there! Now these moths, they're not able to actually burrow into living antelope horns, so don't worry—they won’t be able to settle in there!

And I think it’s, you know, if there's anything like that on those horns, the animals actually just sort of either brush them off with the vegetation or they actually rub them on the ground— things like that!

So they're not able to actually take hold until the animals actually dead. Really quite amazing! As I say, very—if I get, maybe I can actually make the sound!

I don't know if you want to try and put the microphone close, but it sounds like that. So hopefully that came through! But that, that’s pretty much what it sounds like!

Hi, Shiva! Shiva, wanting to know, can you age the kudu by judging by the color of the horns and their thickness? Yes, you can to a certain degree!

Certainly how many twists on the horn! So, it would actually be the twist would be counted from here. So if you kind of have that in mind, the one twist would be two there, so that's coming back to the—where's that? That one cook, if you like—part of this corkscrew.

So then it does another twist up to here, so he's got two and a bit twists on the horns. Some of the very old kudu can get to three twists on the horns, and they are absolutely incredible!

So they could maybe be getting up to what we believe may be fifteen kilos! But as I say, I think we’ll have to try and weigh these! Maybe one day we’ll find a set of horns that are fairly fresh!

So see, these are all dried out as well! So it would be nice to actually try and weigh a set of horns so we can actually answer this question! I think Tristan actually mentioned the ridge in the horn as well!

And this is the ridge here; you can see! So they're all part of it! And on this side as well! So, yeah, pretty amazing!

And the older males actually have the slightly worn tips at the top, so they’re quite light in color, and quite often you see the older males with those lighter, whiter parts of the horn!

So I think Tristan's actually got something else for you. So I'm going to have another rummage around and see what else I can find, the next time you come back to the tent.

I do indeed! We’ve just come towards the dam, and thanks to Connor, we now get to spend some time with some Indys, which always makes me very happy! Yes, hello to you too!

He’s getting stuffed at the moment! We had a trunk out and was just saying, "I love creaky!" So hello, everybody!

And he is being rather on the friendly side. There’s quite a few of them actually here. See there’s another three up further, closer towards where Connor’s—I can actually see Connor! Connor's on the top up there!

And so it’s very cool to see, and I’m really glad that Connor’s flying the drone! It's such an incredible view when you see these animals from the top! It just looks so different!

I’m sure Tara is loving seeing the images from the drone itself! She was saying to me she's super excited to see what it looks like from up there, so I’m sure she’s really enjoying it!

It really is quite something! And Connor's skill with the drone is always really good to see as well! Look at how this ilius is smelling! So that wind is blowing from the camp towards where this elephant is!

And I’m pretty sure that elephant can pick up the scent of people around the camp! Little carts lifting its trunk just to get a bit more of the scent on the wind and work out exactly what’s going on! Very cool!

So from that, that elephant will know, okay, there are people somewhere here! It doesn’t have to worry too much because they’re not too close, and it can then just take it easy! The trunk will move around a little bit, and once it figures out exactly where things are, it will then move off and carry on with its day!

Now, it looks like a young male that we've got over there! And then there’s a couple of females around as well!

And this is a completely different grouping than what we've been seeing over the last few days; they're not the same Ellies! So I’d imagine these are coming from Buffalo! Up there were some elephants up in Buffalo this morning that might have come now!

So, typical elephant at this time of the afternoon is still feeding! I don't know if they've been to the water already. Maybe Connor will know if they came from the water side!

It doesn’t look like they’re quite water around their legs or on their ears! We’ll find! When it’s warm like this, often when elephants will do is go down to a water source, they’ll suck up big trunk full of water, and they’ll then spray it up against their ears!

So as the ear opens out, they spray it on those veins behind the ears, and that cools the blood much faster than them actually having to flap! So when they’ve been to water on a day like this, you can often see it because of the spray that is on the back of that ear!

And you can see where they’ve actually been drinking from! So, it seems as though they haven’t quite gotten to the water or they were at the water earlier—much earlier—and they’ve now dried out a little bit!

So remember, with elephant skin, is that they do absorb water! So if they spray water on them, it doesn’t just run off! They actually absorb it!

And so it takes quite a long time for them to appear dry! They’ve been near water; they’ll often appear a lot darker than what they do now! But this elephant in front shouldn’t be very easy to identify—not this one, the one to the right at the back there!

So you can see yesterday or two days ago, we had a bull elephant of the massive you in his—you know.

Now, this particular ear has got a really big V on the right ear, so that will be an easy way to identify! When it comes to Ellies—yes, and there's nothing else now as well!

So when it comes to Ellies and identifying them, this is how you do it! You use ears predominantly, and in tusk shapes! And that will be able to show you exactly what's going on with these guys!

So that will be one for the future! If we ever see these guys again, we'll be able to add—Ears are just from that V! Katherine, you say every day is any day to you!

I agree; the Ellies are so spectacular! I always enjoy spending time with them! And we were so lucky to have had Ellies back in this area as much as we've had!

I remember going cycles without seeing any elephants! Now we’ve got Enys; pretty much I’ve had them every day since I’ve been back! So I’m super happy that they're around and super glad to be seeing them!

So I’m glad you are too, Katherine! I think Ellies—I’ve got to be one of my favorite animals to spend long periods of time with! And especially out in big open areas like this, you know!

So seldom we get to see them in open sections. I know in the Mara they’ve seen a lot, and there's big grassy areas, and they get to see this sort of big animal roaming through the grass!

Since, but here's a little bit more dense and thick! And so we don't see it nearly as often! So I always enjoy these sightings near quarantine, around the dam!

Yes, hello! So you see the posturing that's going on—typical of a young male that's trying to impose himself on us! What are you gonna do, hmm?

Leopard lover, you wondering if the trunk of an elephant grows throughout its lifetime? Well, yes! It'll grows with its body!

So you'll find that the enemy's legs, its body, its head, everything grows and so the trunk does as well! Think—oh, it's going down off towards the next camp!

So quickly before she goes over the boundary, which is really excellent news! So I’m going to try to get there and leave these Elias to themselves and see if we can’t get there quite quickly!

Because like I say, it is going to cross over there is a likelihood, and we don't want to end up losing her! And we'll come back to the Elias later, if that's the case!

I just need to get all the text attack some on my way there! Now just confirmed Triple N's the best approach and there's Connor our drone pilots!

So one cool cat with his drone watching the elephants and thoroughly enjoying himself! Now while I race quickly to get to Triple Aim for Shadow, let’s go back to Tara in the tent!

And we’ll see you all in a little bit! Hi everybody! And I'm going to see Tristan drive past! Actually, we should be able to see him driving past there!

So I found a couple more schools I’d like to show you and share a few things with you! So this is the hyena skull, and pretty impressive, I would say! Look at that!

Look at those canine teeth! So if you're not sure what each tooth is, these are the incisors! So they're your front teeth, so if you think of the flat front teeth that you have, that's—those are those teeth, the incisors!

Then we have the canines, and we also have canines! So they're the ones that have the very sharp point! And then we have the molars and the premolars!

So the premolars are these ones and then the molars are the grinding teeth right at the back! So if I open it up, we can see there’s quite a large one here! And just opposite us on the upper jaw is the other one!

So this is actually—you might have heard me talking about the cornice, your shearing teeth! So that's the pair there, and when they actually—when their jaw actually closes, they actually close very closely together!

If I can actually line it up properly again, it's like a jigsaw, this thing! So, yeah, if I can—there we go! So if I actually get it to close properly— okay, so you can see they come very close together!

So it actually sharpens each tooth as it keeps on opening! Now I've got that right yet! Hold on! Let me have a play! Hold on! There we go! That feels better!

So, yeah—so when they actually close—there we go! That’s better! Yep! So when it actually closes, you can see they just close right on top of each other!

And that action just helps—yeah, let’s see if I can try and move my hand, so that action there keeps them nice and sharp! So that's the upper premolar and the lower molar that you’re seeing there!

So look at that! That’s the side teeth that you’re seeing them trying to shear the meat from the bone!

Hive via asking if this is a model or a real skull? And this is actually a real skull! I believe these were donated by people, and but I might be able to get confirmation on that!

So yeah, so this is the hyena, as I say! Now, one of the main things that points to it being the hyena is this ridge at the back of the skull here!

So this is the such sagittal crest, and this is really the peak—the key piece of evidence that shows how strong these jaws actually are! Now behind it, we've actually got a leopard skull just to compare it with!

So you can see there's actually a lack of that such a sagittal crest! I can't get it to say! Sagittal crest!

So yeah, you can see this ridge here really quite large! And let’s say this one's actually lacking it, so this is increasing the area where the bone—the muscles are going to attach to, which gives them such a powerful bite!

Now for a hyena, it’s actually thought they have about 1,500 psi or pounds per square inch pressure with the leopard!

It’s not strong as that, around maybe 300-400 mark! So it's actually quite weak compared to the hyena! And yet they roughly say that the height is a little bit larger than the leopard!

But I mean the skull-wise, they're roughly about the same size! So quite a difference! And as I say, it's because of this surgical—such a toll black being and then, um—again, I can't say that one either!

Sagittal crest! And as I say, this area here—it just increases for the muscle to attach! Now this is the zygomatic arch!

So this is the cheekbone! So this is also very—giving the muscle more area to actually attach to, and those animals that have a really strong chew have quite wide zygomatic arches!

So again, if I actually hold it that way for you, you can see it’s pretty wide! And obviously, these animals need very strong jaws to be able to bite through bone, and that's why they have that!

So the muscles that actually open the jaw like that are going to be going over the top of the zygomatic arch! And then the muscles that actually close the jaw as you go underneath!

So, really quite an impressive skull! So there is the leopard as well—also quite impressive!

Hi, Shiva, asking how we identify male and female hyena skulls, and that one I actually don't know! I don't think there's much difference to be honest!

And I might have to do a bit of digging to see if there is any way! But as I say, they do look very similar—even the genitalia looks very similar!

And that's because of the testosterone that's in their body because the females may have had to become very competitive against the males of food as possible!

The testosterone levels actually increase because of that! And they sometimes larger than the males! Find quite a large hyena skull, then that is possible that it is actually a female!

But other than that, I don't think there is any way you can tell it's male or female! And same goes with the leopard as well! I think with the zebra you could, because the zebra, the canine teeth on the zebra males are larger than those of the females!

But yeah, I have to do maybe a little bit of digging! But certainly check out the canines on the leopard! I mean, they actually a lot larger than those of the hyena. They're pretty impressive, those!

And I'm wondering actually if I can grab the hyena skull; would be—I’ll see not the hiring at the baboon!

I grabbed him; you can actually see how big those canine teeth are! So look at that! That's the baboon skull there!

So they have canine teeth that are pretty much the same size, if not larger than those of a lion! So baboons are definitely also not an animal to be messed with!

Look at that! That’s quite scary, that for you there looks maybe something from our old film as well!

Yeah, now what would be really interesting if we could get hands on a cheetah skull! And you'll be able to see the differences with a cheetah. With the cheetah, the nasal opening is much larger and the teeth are much smaller!

So I'm thinking this one might have fallen off the shelf or something because he's a little bit cracked! But if actually sitting nicely—there we go!

So yeah, so they need a lot of airflow into their muscles, so obviously a lot of oxygen to keep those muscles nice and well-oxygenated for running after the prey!

So they’ve kind of given up some of the area that would be given over to the teeth! So they have slightly smaller teeth than the leopard and a larger nasal opening!

So there we go! Hopefully some interesting things about the schools that you maybe didn’t know before! But we're gonna head over to see how Tristan is doing with his search for the leopards and hopefully her cub! Fingers crossed!

Well, it’s not us that sum all the work, it’s been Tex’s managed to pull a rabbit out of the hat somehow and find it in quite a dense, thick area! So I'm just trying to get in here quickly, and I'm going to position—I don't see any sign of the little one yet; it's just her on the mound!

And there we go! So, we belated birthday present that I owed Ellie— not my Ellie, as in Ellie that guides with us and presents with that, but there's Ellie, a viewer who asked me very nicely to find shadow on her birthday!

There we go! Finally we have managed to find her about two weeks later, and you can see she is resting really nicely in the shade of the mound!

I wonder if the little one will come out? Maybe a little bit later when all the cars have settled—a little tracks! Will the little cub come and bound out towards mom on the mound? But isn’t that a sight for sore eyes?

A long time since we've seen Shadow! And there's been so much activity of hers around this area that I'm surprised that we haven't actually seen her more often!

We keep finding tracks for bits now! At least we get to spend some really quality time with our leopard!

She’s still looking ever so pretty! She’s a little bit on the skinnier side now that I can see her stomach nicely! So it would be good for her to grab a meal! Hopefully she’ll get something in the next few days or even tonight!

There are lots and lots of prey animals on our way to get here from where those elephants were! We had some kudu, we had Steinbok, we had a car, we had zebras!

So there’s lots of food items in this general vicinity! So I'm hoping that she's going to be able to find something this evening and at least fill that belly!

Hopefully the big guy in Ghana is not around that actually then steals it from her! You can see she's just watching what's going on. I'm sure she's going to fall asleep shortly once all the vehicles settle down a little bit!

You're gonna find that it’s quite a warm afternoon still, and so being up on a mound like this, she’s not got—I'm not sure if she doesn’t like her dust too much! You can see a little tail touch her a little bit!

Well, he's definitely going to spend probably the majority of the day with Shadow now that she’s relaxing on the mound! So while we sit and admire the view, let's go back to Tara! Who I believe is now engrossed in a very depth conversation about genetics and—well, leopards as a species!

Currently, I find it so fascinating! I think just because we did find the strawberry or a wreath ristic leopard as it's actually known in the scientific world!

The other thing I wanted to mention about the black leopard is actually in the Malaysian Peninsula—the black leopard is a lot more common than the yellow or the normal colored leopard!

So it's believed that they went through—the population actually got isolated and went through this little bottleneck. So somewhere in the line, there were a few black leopards that popped out because of the genetics we've just spoken about!

So some of them may have carried this black, black genetic black gene and somehow brought about to the cubs! And it seems like because there's jungle there, there's obviously a lot of shadow and shade!

So those cubs may have actually fared better because of them being black! And over the years, they've actually done better than the lighter colored leopards! So they seem to be a lot more prominent in that area!

And as you move further west—so obviously Malaysia being right on the eastern side of Asia—so as you move further west into India, and then obviously into Africa, the black leopard is, I would say, becomes less and less, and it becomes obviously a lot more arid!

So just like we've been seeing with the drone footage how dry it is, a black leopard would stick out like a sore thumb, so wouldn’t do that well! So I'm wondering if the strawberry leopard could be having the same thing!

Maybe the lighter colors or see sort of more beneficial in this drier habitat! So it'd be interesting to see if that is a possibility why we're seeing a number of strawberry leopards or a realistic leopards in my old study area!

So yes, I think we're going to try and show you a clip now for the new viewers and for the old ones! I think we thought—I thought we’d go down memory lane and introduce you to Karula!

Because I think a lot of the new viewers haven't seen her! Unfortunately, she hasn't been seen in the last six months! So it's not boding well because obviously, there’s a lot of activity guide-wise out in the Sabi Sands!

So someone should have seen her! Even when her mother, Safari, was around, she was sick fairly close to a lodge! She only had one eye; she had this strange-looking bulging blue eye!

But she still fed until 19 years old, but she was still being seen quite regularly, and then all of a sudden, she stopped being seen!

So it’s very difficult to actually know exactly what happens to these cats! Or see we see them—a snapshot of their life! So we can't just walk out into the bush and stumble across them even when they're alive!

So, it's even more difficult if they have perished! So unfortunately, it does sound like me maybe, she survived! Maybe she’ll pop up somewhere! It has happened with other leopards, but as I say, it doesn't—it's not sounding great for her!

But obviously, she's left behind an amazing legacy, and it’s been fantastic to catch up with them! So I thought maybe let's meet her for those of you who have never met her to join on one the drivers—that was just absolutely incredible!

And we actually wrote a paper about this particular Drive and one that Sebastian actually took! So we might have a chance to see that clip as well because we've seen some of those interactions with members of the family even now!

So I thought it'd be quite interesting for the new viewers to maybe see it! So if we can cue the clip, hopefully you'll be able to see! And what do you get my hat in the way right at the beginning? So sorry for that, but you do get to see four leopards in one shot!

So there we go! So you get to see—so Karula is actually at the top of the screen; the two cubs are the ones walking, and then gorillas made of choice at that stage, in B'Elanna!

Don is actually just opposite her! Unfortunately, the footage is obviously not the quality that it is nowadays! And that is obviously one of the big improvements that we've had!

But there’s Karula, and obviously, so trying to entice young B’Elonna down to partake in possibly mating! But yes, quite amazing!

So you can't quite see the wild cross a forehead, but young B'Elanna has the ring of spots around his eye! And in B’Elanna does have that ring of spots! I'm not sure if Induna is still around! I haven't heard his name!

But I think he got the ring of spots above his height from his father! But there you go! Yeah! You might be able to work out the heart above the eyes on young B'Dior!

And that's young B'Dior's supposed to be a heart—that's where he got his name from! And he came from the Jordan dam! So that is who we believe the father is of the second set of cubs and the third set of cubs!

So that will be Mishu and Dune, the third set of cubs! And then that will also be—let me think— should be Mz and Shivan B’Elanna; that was the two cubs that were actually on that clip that was just playing there!

So hopefully, that puts a face to the name who makes sense—and seeing Karula there as well! And I believe there’s a little bit more of the cubs playing in that clip as well!

But as I say, we actually—we up until that, we hadn't really experienced the male actually interacting with the cubs! And as I said before, we kind of think it's because there's such a high density of leopards in this area!

As we said before, the leopards can actually commit infanticide! They look—they'll actually go and kill other cubs, and that's to basically get the females back into estuarine a lot sooner than what they would if the cubs were to stay with her!

And they can't stay with her for a year—up to a year and a half, maybe longer! Remission and in a state with Karula for a good couple of years before they moved on!

Induna or actually stayed in the area! And I'm wondering actually if we could maybe play that clip of Induna young B'Dior, and the two cubs!

Because I think we've managed to find that clip as well! So we might be able to play that for you! But as I say, I wanted to kind of show you that it has been happening, and you know the legacy it's here!

And we're seeing these interactions! So yeah! So I think we can actually view that clip of—it'll be young B'Dior done again, the father, who we believe is the father!

And the three-year-old son Induna! Oh! This is the two cubs playing! Sorry, this is Cheb and Z and Chefan Burrell are actually playing in a tree!

So that was just following on from the other clip! No problem! So yeah, so we've got a very unusual situation because the same male leopards are supposed to—once they've grown up after about two years, two and a half years old, they're supposed to move away, and that's supposed to avoid inbreeding with their sisters, their mothers.

But as I say, there's not as many territories around; they've all been taken. And because we've got such a high level density, I'm wondering if they're being tolerated a lot longer because they are family.

And as a Sabin by the father's—we believe are the fathers! Maybe the males believe that their father, and that's possibly why we're having this tolerance of the younger males!

So, I think we do have the right clip this time, so we'll see if we can actually see that! And the opening clip should be the male—that’s it!

So we've got young B’Elanna, the father on the right of the clip, and we've got Induna, the three-year-old son on the left! You can see how close they are!

Now I can't remember if he actually turns around to look at us, but you might be able to see that ring of spots over his eye, if he does! And as I say, said was actually driving that day, and I was on camera, and we both were just going crazy!

So here we go! This is the youngster! This is Siobhan B’Elanna! So this is the year-old cub coming in past his three-year-old brother! You can see his three operas not so keen, but you can see he doesn’t lash out!

And I'm still I'm so intrigued at why Siovan B’Elanna decided to come and sit by him! But it's a little bit having his nose pushed out joint!

But then you’ll see he actually sits back down again, catching us between them! But there’s no actual pause or anything like that—clashing—a really quite amazing!

So again, we actually added this to the paper now! Induna—you might actually notice Hosanna actually has that very heavy makeup underneath his eye.

And I think I was saying this the other day; I think Induna actually has similar markings to his younger brother! And the batwing underneath his eye on the right—that's how we used to ID him!

Hi, Vicky! A new viewer also saying realizing how special these multi-leopard sightings actually are! And it really is!

As I say, leopards are thought to be solitary, but we’re proving that wrong! And so you can see they actually settled down together; there’s no more aggression from them!

So yeah, really some bizarre behavior! And that's why we thought you know what? We need to get it out there! Sightings as well!

Because as I say, it's not normal leopard behavior! If you read the books, like as well, I keep saying these records—don't read the books! No animal reads the books!

They do what they want to do! And the problem is, obviously, we've had a few tears, yeah—there are a few tears from a few people!

And as I say, it's very sad! But I still think absolutely amazing that we've got such a wonderful legacy to be following!

And as I say, we are seeing these interactions, and that's why—to actually share this with people! Maybe change what was known about the leopards!

And as I say, you guys are actually on this journey with us! This is what I really love about Safari Live and what we do!

We are changing what is known about these animals by showing it live! You know, we’re not cutting; we’re not editing—it’s all there as it's just unfolding!

Because that for me is something so special because you really get to understand why an animal has done something! When it’s edited and it’s clipped, you might not get there what happened before, what happened afterwards!

You’re just seeing the bit in the middle, and seeing the bits either side are very, very important! And as I say, we’ve actually had multiple leopard sightings recently!

I believe I think there was that there's been the kill with I think Tandy, Tambour, and Hosana actually on the same kill together!

And again, Hosana is the cub of Karula! Tandy is the first cub! So I think they obviously have met! We’ve seen them together, but maybe even previous to that, they might have met with Karula—you never know!

And I'll see Tambor interacting with Hosana as well! So knowing each other, they are cousins! So perhaps there’s that familiar smell amongst the family group!

Who knows? But because this is so new, it’s still literally at the cutting edge of science! Really quite amazing!

So I think we’re going to cut back to Tristan and see how Shadow, I think, possibly is—oh, we’re going to the drones, sorry! We have the drone!

So I think, Connor, really enjoying himself with the drone this afternoon! So I think we’re going to cut to the drone and see—there's the mast!

So that is what is broadcasting this live feed from the African bush to you right now! And there is a herd of elephants which actually caught up with again!

So making their way—just trying to orientate myself! So that's just at the back of the quarantine area! I wonder if they're going to come up towards the tents!

That’d be quite something, having the elephants around the tent! Now, I’m just hoping we don’t have any elephant bones here! Because there is an interesting story of elephants going up to the Olifants camp in Kruger!

And there used to be two ivory tusks on the gates, and the elephants kept nicking off with them! So they had to replace them!

All this—two youngsters playing just under the bush! So I'm trying to work out who that could be! The lodge that we’re flying over now—that's the poles of Oscar—that could well be!

Yes! There’s the aerial! Yes! I’m hearing the drone now! There we go! Again, a nice tree to be feeding on! You can see all the termite mounds dotted around!

And quite often, you’ll find trees around termite mounds because there’s actually a lot of nutrients there!

So, it’s the trees need a lot of nutrients to grow, so you find the trees growing on or close to the turbo plants!

And actually, in the dry season, you can see a little ring of slightly green grass, and you can see that quite nice on the right of your screen!

There's that circle of green grass, and you can see that’s where the nests are going to expand to! And then you’ve got that dry area and the dry grass in between!

It's really amazing to be able to see that! Are there—there we go! We can got the gallery down just in the background there! If you Impala is between the elephants and the dam!

But yeah, that's really amazing! That really jumps out at you! You can see that quite nicely, and the elephant's sticking the trunks up in the air again trying to have a good smell!

Looks like some possibly some Nyala just behind them now and just in the shot! But no sign of that spotted cat who might be in the drainage line!

We've seen the edge of the dam out of the lodge—sorry! Waiter Lodge on the left of your screen there!

Look at that! Oh, this is so special! I'm so glad we've got this drone as part of Safari Live now with Connor, Commander Connor at the helm!

And starting to have that beautiful golden glow as the sun starts setting over the African bush this afternoon! The temperatures actually got to a nice pleasant temperature!

Now I wonder if they're going to go down to the dam to drink, or if they've actually—looks like they’ve already possibly been there! Wow! Absolutely fantastic!

I can hear crested barbers calling and even the Cape Turtledove calling behind me! So giving their last call of the day just to make sure everyone knows that that's their territories!

So I'm actually thinking we could have a wander outside and just have a closer look at the acacia trees