yego.me
💡 Stop wasting time. Read Youtube instead of watch. Download Chrome Extension

Making SOLID Nitrogen!


2m read
·Nov 10, 2024

Boiling point is something that we normally think of as a stable property of a substance. But it really depends on what the pressure is around the substance. So, for example, water only boils at 100 degrees Celsius if the pressure is 1 atmosphere.

So if you reduce the pressure, then those water molecules that are going quite quickly can easily escape from the water if there's no pressure pushing down on them. So you can get water to boil at room temperature. This is really boiling water. The funny thing about boiling water at room temperature is that it actually decreases the temperature of the water.

That's because all the fastest water molecules escape, leaving only the slow ones behind. We are refrigerating the water. Refrigerating the water by boiling it. Yes, yes (Laughing) That is a cool concept.

I know everyone's a big fan of liquid nitrogen, but I've never seen solid nitrogen. So we used the same trick, pumping out the very fastest nitrogen molecules. And eventually, that decreased the temperature enough that the nitrogen actually froze. (Laughing)

I'm putting a thermocouple in there so we can measure the temperature of our liquid nitrogen. And it reads... Okay, so the temperature of our liquid nitrogen is about minus 196 Celsius. Which is exactly what it should be.

And now we're going to evacuate the chamber. We're gonna suck the air out of there. You can see that the nitrogen is boiling. The temperature's dropping, minus 199, minus 200... We're coming up on the triple point of nitrogen.

I don't know. We're forming solid nitrogen. The ice is actually getting sucked up by the reduced pressure up here, and there is a higher pressure underneath the ice because the vacuum pump hasn't had a chance to work there. I've never seen solid nitrogen before.

After creating the solid nitrogen, we poured it onto a water bath. And we got the whole surface so cold that carbon dioxide actually condensed out of the atmosphere, and we formed solid carbon dioxide, dry ice, on the surface of the water. We have a solid piece of CO2.

More Articles

View All
15 Things The Rich Don’t Have to Do
Rich people don’t worry about where their next meal is going to come from or if they’ll be able to make rent on Friday, but these are caused by a direct lack of money. Rich people use their money to build infrastructure around themselves so they don’t hav…
Neuromarketing: You're Being Manipulated
This video is sponsored by The Daily Upside, a free business and finance newsletter delivered every single weekday. Nowadays, it seems to be a common theme amongst almost everyone to go out and shop our way to happiness. You know, just to take care of our…
Adora Cheung - How to Set KPIs and Goals
All right, so I am going to be talking about setting your KPIs and goals for early stage startups. I’m going to be pretty pedantic in this lecture, and the reason why is doing this correctly is a necessary condition for starting as successful or building …
The Real DEFINITIONS of SUCCESS
Everyone wants to be successful, but most people can’t define it because even if they tried, most people would get it wrong. We all know that after $125,000 per year, money no longer contributes to happiness or fulfillment. So, what does it actually mean …
Hindu gods overview | World History | Khan Academy
Hinduism is often known for its large and complex pantheon of gods. The goal of this video is to give an overview of them and to think about how they are connected and how they are perceived. So, the Hindu Trinity, as it is often called, is made up of Sh…
AI and bad math
What we’re going to see in this video is that the current versions of artificial intelligence are not always perfect at math, and we’re going to test this out. I created a simple math tutor on Chat GPT here, and what we’re going to do is see if it can hel…