yego.me
💡 Stop wasting time. Read Youtube instead of watch. Download Chrome Extension

Making SOLID Nitrogen!


2m read
·Nov 10, 2024

Boiling point is something that we normally think of as a stable property of a substance. But it really depends on what the pressure is around the substance. So, for example, water only boils at 100 degrees Celsius if the pressure is 1 atmosphere.

So if you reduce the pressure, then those water molecules that are going quite quickly can easily escape from the water if there's no pressure pushing down on them. So you can get water to boil at room temperature. This is really boiling water. The funny thing about boiling water at room temperature is that it actually decreases the temperature of the water.

That's because all the fastest water molecules escape, leaving only the slow ones behind. We are refrigerating the water. Refrigerating the water by boiling it. Yes, yes (Laughing) That is a cool concept.

I know everyone's a big fan of liquid nitrogen, but I've never seen solid nitrogen. So we used the same trick, pumping out the very fastest nitrogen molecules. And eventually, that decreased the temperature enough that the nitrogen actually froze. (Laughing)

I'm putting a thermocouple in there so we can measure the temperature of our liquid nitrogen. And it reads... Okay, so the temperature of our liquid nitrogen is about minus 196 Celsius. Which is exactly what it should be.

And now we're going to evacuate the chamber. We're gonna suck the air out of there. You can see that the nitrogen is boiling. The temperature's dropping, minus 199, minus 200... We're coming up on the triple point of nitrogen.

I don't know. We're forming solid nitrogen. The ice is actually getting sucked up by the reduced pressure up here, and there is a higher pressure underneath the ice because the vacuum pump hasn't had a chance to work there. I've never seen solid nitrogen before.

After creating the solid nitrogen, we poured it onto a water bath. And we got the whole surface so cold that carbon dioxide actually condensed out of the atmosphere, and we formed solid carbon dioxide, dry ice, on the surface of the water. We have a solid piece of CO2.

More Articles

View All
Corona Virus (COVID-19) discussion with Bill Gates
Hi everyone! Welcome to the Khan Academy daily homeroom. Sal Khan here — thanks for joining us. We have a pretty exciting show, I guess, today. For those of you all that this is the first time you’re joining, the whole idea is in this time of school closu…
Responding to a Capsized Boat with the U.S. Coast Guard - Smarter Every Day 277
Hey, it’s me, Destin. Welcome back to Smarter Every Day! Today, on Smarter Every Day, we’re going to continue our deep dive with the US Coast Guard, and we’re going to see how they accomplish their mission of saving people in peril and protecting the nati…
Learn to code in 60 seconds #programming #computerscience #python #khanacademy
Learn to code in 60 seconds. A program is a coded set of instructions for a computer to execute. Programs manipulate data, which come in several data types: integers, that’s whole numbers; floats, have decimal points; booleans, true or false; and strings,…
Introduction to experiment design | Study design | AP Statistics | Khan Academy
So let’s say that I am a drug company and I’ve come up with a medicine that I think will help folks with diabetes. In particular, I think it will help reduce their hemoglobin A1c levels. For those of you who aren’t familiar with what hemoglobin A1c is, I …
Americans Will Run Out Of Money By January 1st
What’s up, guys? It’s Graham here. So, it’s official—80% of Americans have already run out of money, and it’s about to get a lot worse over these next few months. That’s right, a new survey just found that despite the personal savings rate hovering near a…
Factors affecting acid strength | Acids and bases | AP Chemistry | Khan Academy
Factors that affect acid strength include bond polarity, bond strength, and conjugate base stability. Let’s think about a generic acid, HA, that donates a proton to water to form the hydronium ion, H3O⁺, and the conjugate base, A⁻. First, let’s consider …