A radical experiment in empathy - Sam Richards

My students often ask me what is sociology, and I tell them it's the study of the way in which human beings are shaped by things that they don't see. They say, "So how can I be a sociologist? How can I understand those invisible forces?" I say, "Empathy. Start with empathy. It all begins with empathy. Take yourself out of your shoes, put yourself into the shoes of another person."

Here, I'll give you an example. So I imagine my life if, a hundred years ago, China had been the most powerful nation in the world. They came to the United States in search of coal, and they found it. In fact, they found lots of it right here. Pretty soon, they began shipping that coal, ton by ton, railcar by railcar, boatload by boatload, back to China and elsewhere around the world. They got fabulously wealthy in doing so. They built beautiful cities, all powered on that coal. And back here in the United States, we saw economic despair and deprivation.

This is what I saw. I saw people struggling to get by, not knowing what was what and what was next. Then I asked myself a question: How is it possible that we could be so poor here in the United States, because the coal is such a wealthy resource, so much money? I realized it was because the Chinese ingratiated themselves with a small ruling class here in the United States, who stole all of that money and all of that wealth for themselves. The rest of us, the vast majority of us, struggled to get by.

The Chinese gave the small ruling elite loads of military weapons and sophisticated technology in order to ensure that people like me would not speak out against this relationship. Does this sound familiar? They did things like train Americans to help protect the coal, and everywhere were symbols of the Chinese—a constant reminder. Back in China, well, they say, "In China, nothing! Don't talk about us. Don't look at the coal." If you ask them, they'll say, "Well, you know, the coal—we need the coal. I mean, come on, I'm not gonna turn down my thermostat, you can't expect that."

And so I get angry, and I get pissed, as do lots of average people. We fight back and it gets really ugly. The Chinese respond in a very ugly way, and before we know it, they've sent in the tanks, and they sent in the troops, and lots of people are dying. It's a very, very difficult situation. Can you imagine what you would feel if you were in my shoes? Can you imagine walking out of this building and seeing a tank sitting out there or a truck full of soldiers?

Just imagine what you would feel because you know why they’re here and you know what they’re doing here. You just feel the anger and you feel the fear. Okay, if you can—that’s empathy. That’s empathy! You’ve left your shoes and you stood in mine, and you gotta feel that.

Okay, so that’s the warm-up. That’s the warm-up! Now, we’re gonna have the real radical experiment. For the remainder of my talk, what I want you to do is put yourself in the shoes of an ordinary Arab Muslim living in the Middle East, in particular in Iraq.

To help you, perhaps you’re a member of a middle-class family in Baghdad, and what you want is the best for your kids. You want your kids to have a better life. You watch the news, you pay attention, you read the newspapers. You go down to the coffee shop with your friends and you read the newspapers from around the world. Some, you even watch satellite CNN from the United States, so you have a sense of what the Americans are thinking. But really, you just want a better life for yourself— that’s what you want.

You’re an Arab Muslim living in Iraq; you want a better life for yourself. So here, let me help you. Let me help you with some things that you might be thinking. Number one: This incursion into your land these past 20 years and before—the reason anyone is interested in your land, in particular the United States, is oil.

When it’s all about oil, you know that! Everybody knows that! People here, back in the United States, know it’s about oil, right? It’s because somebody else has a design for your resource. It’s your resource! It’s not somebody else's, right? It’s your land; it’s your resource. Somebody else has a design for it.

And you know why they have a design? You know why they have their eyes set on it? Because they have an entire economic system that’s dependent on that oil—the foreign oil from other parts of the world that they don’t own.

What else do you think about these people? Well, the Americans—the rich! Come on! They live in big houses, they have big cars, they all have blond hair and blue eyes. They’re happy. You think that—it’s not true, of course, but that’s the media impression. That’s like what you get. They have big cities, and the cities are all dependent on oil, and back home what do you see? Poverty, despair, struggle.

Look, you don’t live in a wealthy country—I mean this is Iraq, right? You don’t live in—it’s just what you see. You see people struggling to get by. I mean, it’s not easy. You see a lot of poverty, and you feel something about this. These people have designs for your resource, and this is what you see.

Something else you see that you talk about—Americans don’t talk about this—but you do. There’s this thing, this militarization of the world centered right in the United States. The United States is responsible for almost one half of the world’s military spending, four percent of the world’s population. You feel it; you see it every day. It’s part of your life, and you mean—you talk about it with your friends, you read about it, right?

Back when Saddam Hussein was in power, the Americans didn’t care about his crimes when he was gassing the Kurds and gassing Iran. They didn’t care about it when oil was at stake. Somehow suddenly things mattered.

And you see something else: the United States, the hub of democracy around the world—they don’t seem to really be supporting democratic countries all around the world. There are a lot of countries—oil-producing countries—that aren’t very democratic, but supported by the United States. Odd! Oh, these incursions, these two wars, the ten years of sanctions, the eight years of occupation, the insurgency that’s been unleashed on your people, the tens, about the hundreds of thousands of civilian deaths—oh, because of oil!

You can’t help but think that, you talk about it, it’s in the forefront of your mind, always. You say, how is that possible? This man—he’s every man, your grandfather, your uncle, your father, your son, your neighbor, your professor, your student—wants a life of happiness and joy, and suddenly pain and sorrow. Everyone in your country has been touched by the violence, the bloodshed, the pain, the horror—everybody! Not a single person in your country has not been touched.

So here, but there’s something else—there’s something else about these people, these Americans who are there. There’s something else about them that you see—they don’t see themselves. And what do you see? The Christians—they're Christians! They worship the Christian God, they have crosses, they carry Bibles. Their Bibles have a little insignia that says US Army on them.

And their leaders—before they send our sons and daughters off to war in your country, and you know the reason—before they send them off, they get to a Christian church and they pray to their Christian God and they ask for protection and guidance from that God.

Why? Well, obviously, so that if, when people die in the war, they are Muslims, they are Iraqis, they are Americans. You know what Americans said: “I protect our troops!” And you feel something about that, of course you do!

And they do wonderful things; you read about it, you hear about it. But they’re there to build schools and help people, and that’s what they want to do. They do wonderful things, but they also do the bad things, and you can’t tell the difference.

You got a guy like Lieutenant General William Boykin. I mean, here’s a guy who says that your God is a false God, your God’s an idol, his God is a true God. The solution for the problem in the Middle East, according to him, is to convert you all to Christianity, just get rich in! And you know that Americans don’t read about this guy; they don’t know anything about him. But you do! You pass his words around; I mean, this is serious!

You’re afraid—he was one of the leading commanders in the second invasion of Iraq, and you’re thinking, “If this guy is saying that, then all the soldiers must be saying that.” In this word here, George Bush called this war a “crusade.” Man! The Americans here said “a crusade.” Whatever; I don’t know what they mean. You know what it means: it’s a holy war against Muslims!

Look, invade, subdue them, take the resources. If they won’t submit, kill them—that’s what this is about. And you’re thinking, “My God, these Christians are coming to kill us!” This is frightening; you feel frightened, of course you feel frightened!

Then there’s Terry Jones! I mean, here’s a guy who wants to burn Korans, right? And Americans—what? He’s a knucklehead! He’s a former hotel manager; he’s got three dozen members of his church, they laugh him off. You don’t laugh him off because in the context of everything else, all the pieces fit.

Of course, this is how Americans stick it! So, people all over the Middle East—not just in your country—are protesting. “Like this? He wants to burn Korans! This is our holy book! These Christians! Who are these Christians? They’re so evil, they’re so mean! I mean, this is what they’re about!”

This is what you’re thinking as an Arab Muslim, as an Iraqi, of course you’re going to think this. And then your cousin says, “Hey, cuz! Check out this website! You gotta see this! This Bible Boot Camp! These Christians are nuts! They’re training their little kids to be soldiers for Jesus!” And they take these little kids, and they run them through these things—they teach them how to say “Sir! Yes, Sir!” and things like grenade toss and weapons care and maintenance.

You go to the website; it says “US Army” right on it! I mean, these Christians—they’re nuts! How would they do this to their little kids? And you’re reading this website, and of course, Christians back in the United States or anybody says, “Ah, this is some little tiny church in the middle of nowhere!”

You don’t know that! For you, this is like all Christians—like they’re all—it’s all over the web, Bible Boot Camp! And look at this—they even teach their kids! They train them in the same way the US Marines train! Isn’t that interesting? And it scares you, and it frightens you.

So these guys, you see them. You see: “I Sam Richards! I know who these guys are! They’re my students, my friends! I know what they’re thinking.” You don’t know! When you see them there’s something else—there’s something else—that’s what they are to you. We don’t see it that way in the United States. Well, you see it that way, right?

So here, of course you got it wrong; you’re generalizing, it’s wrong! You don’t understand the Americans—it’s not a Christian invasion! We’re not just there for oil; we’re there for lots of reasons! I mean, you have it wrong; you missed it!

And of course, most of you don’t support the insurgency; you don’t support killing Americans, people! You don’t support the terrorists; of course you don’t! Very few people do! But something you do, right? And this is a perspective!

Okay, so now here’s what we’re going to do. Step outside of your shoes that you’re in right now and step back into your normal shoes. So everyone’s back in the room. Okay, now here comes the radical experiment.

So we’re all back home. This photo—this woman, man, I feel her! I feel her! She’s my sister, my wife, my cousin, my neighbor, she’s anybody to me! These guys standing there—everybody in the photo! I feel this photo, man!

Okay, so here’s what I want you to do. Let’s go back to my first example of the Chinese, okay? So I want you to go there. So it’s all about coal, and the Chinese are here in the United States. And what I want you to do is picture her as a Chinese woman receiving a Chinese flag because her loved one has died in America in the coal uprising.

And the soldiers are Chinese, and everybody else is Chinese, okay? As an American, how do you feel about this picture? What do you think about that scene? Okay, try this—bring it back. This is the scene here; it’s an American—an American soldier, an American woman who lost her loved one in the Middle East, in Iraq or Afghanistan, okay?

Now put yourself in the shoes—go back to the shoes of an Arab Muslim living in Iraq. What are you feeling and thinking about this photo, about this woman? Okay, now follow me on this because I’m taking a big risk here, and so I’m going to invite you to take a risk with me.

These gentlemen here—they’re insurgents! They were caught by the American soldiers trying to kill Americans. It may be they succeeded; maybe they succeeded! Put yourself in the shoes of the Americans who caught them. Can you feel the rage? Can you feel—you just want to take these guys and wring their necks! Can you go there? It shouldn’t be that difficult!

You know, you just be—oh man, right? Okay, now put yourself in their shoes. Are they brutal killers or patriotic defenders? Which one? Can you feel their anger, their fear, their rage, and what has happened in their country?

Can you imagine that maybe one of them, in the morning, bent down to their child and hugged their child and said, “Dear, I’ll be back later. I’m going out to defend your freedom, your lives. I’m going out to look out for us, the future of our country”? Can you imagine that? Can you imagine saying that? Can you go there? What do you think they’re feeling?

You see that sympathy? It’s also understanding. Now, you might ask, “Okay, Sam, so why do you do this sort of thing? Why would you use this example of all examples?” And I say, “Because, because you're allowed to hate these people, right? You're allowed to, man. Just hate them with every fiber of your being! And if I can get you to step into their shoes and walk an inch—one tiny inch—then imagine the kind of sociological analysis that you can do in all other aspects of your life.

You can walk a mile when it comes to understanding why that person driving 40 miles per hour in the passing lane, or your teenage son, or your neighbor who annoys you by cutting his lawn on Sunday mornings—whatever it is! You can go so far!

And this is what I tell my students: step outside of your tiny little world, step inside of the tiny little world of somebody else and then do it again, and do it again, and do it again. Suddenly, all these tiny little worlds come together in this complex web, and they build a big, complex world. And suddenly, without realizing it, you're seeing the world differently.

Everything has changed! Everything in your life has changed! And that’s, of course, what this is about: attend to other lives, other visions, listen to other people, enlighten ourselves!

I’m not saying that I support the terrorists in Iraq, but as a sociologist, what I am saying is I understand. And now perhaps, perhaps you do too. Thank you!