yego.me
💡 Stop wasting time. Read Youtube instead of watch. Download Chrome Extension

Re: Which Planet is the Closest?


3m read
·Nov 7, 2024

Hello Internet. While working on a future video, I offhandedly wrote, “Venus, the closest planet to Earth.” But later, while editing, I thought, “You know, let me check that.” Which led to me to this video by Dr. Stockman explaining how, no, Venus is not the closest. This blew my mind, and I contacted the author to adapt his video into the one you probably just watched. It blew my mind, not just because it was surprising, but also because I taught physics for years and probably said “Venus is the closest planet” dozens of times without ever thinking about it.

How does that happen? First, asking the precisely right question is vital. "Which planet is closest?" is not the precisely right question. Because it’s really made of four parts: Which planet ever gets the closest? Which planet is the closest for the longest time? Which planet has the shortest average distance to Earth? Which planet takes the least amount of time to travel to? The answer to the first one is Venus. The second two? Mercury. The last? It's complicated; get a physics degree.

Literal rocket scientists think mostly about that last question and the rest of us are probably vaguely asking about the first when we say "Which is the closest?" because we're not thinking about the planets in motion. If we were, we'd ask something closer to questions two and three, which is what the main video is about. Mercury, on average, has the shortest distance to all the other planets, and for the inner planets, it’s also the closest planet most of the time. But to get an answer that precise requires a precise question.

Unlike the way things are done in school, where questions yield knowledge, it's knowledge that yields questions, which yield knowledge. Now, it's hard to think about the raw knowledge of everything all at once, so we condense down part of what we know into a model to help us think, like with the line of the planets.

But, as with fuzzy questions, models can trick us too: “Which planet is the closest?” looks like a simple and easy question when the solar system is shown this way. Like even when you know that isn't really how the Solar System looks. Can't possibly be. In my old video about Pluto (where I sound like a completely different person), I covered this exact point as I've often done in class:

(past Grey) "If we take this diagram and adjust for the correct sizes of the planets, it looks like this. Think about it. If Jupiter was this close to Earth, it wouldn’t look like a dot in the night sky, but would be rather overwhelming. So it must be really far away."

(present-day Grey) Still, the model gets into your head in ways you don't notice and lets you ask imprecise questions, easily, but insufficiently answered. The result is something that's retroactively obvious can hide for a long time. The fact about Mercury being the closest on average feels like something Newton could have noticed. But it wasn't published until this year. Which is crazy. It's a property of concentric circles.

(Something Pythagoras, were he not so obsessed with triangles, might have noticed.) So, I love this fact about Mercury being the closest planet (depending on exactly what you mean by closest) because it’s a fantastic example of how if you can get rid of old or incorrect models from your head and think clearly in a way to ask a precise question, the universe awaits with new knowledge for you to find. Isn't that great?

[soft ambient music]

More Articles

View All
Complex rotation
So now we’ve seen rotation by multiplying J by J over and over again, and we see that that’s rotation. Now let’s do it for the general idea of any complex number. So if I have a complex number, we’ll call it Z, and we’ll say it’s made of two parts: a rea…
Pythons 101 | National Geographic
[Narrator] Almost no other predator on the planet inspires as much terror and curiosity as the python. One of the world’s longest snakes is a python. The reticulated python of Southeast Asia usually grows around 16 feet long. However, the current record h…
Danny Trejo Ziplines Down a Cliff | Running Wild with Bear Grylls
Soon your weight is going to come onto your rope above you. Keep walking it back. OK, and now just enjoy the ride. Here you go. Keep pulling back. Try and get your feet down when you can, Danny. Whoa! Uh! Ahh! Ah. OK, we need to move fast. [bleep] I’m c…
15 Biggest Vulnerabilities Other People Exploit
Family, friends, partners, your colleagues, your boss; it can be hard to believe that any of these people would exploit your vulnerabilities, but they do. Sometimes it’s intentional and they want to gain something from you; sometimes it’s unintentional an…
Black Holes, Blazars, and Women of Color in Science | Nat Geo Live
JEDIDAH ISLER: Studying science changed me and it allows me to make contributions into the world. And everyone, regardless of their identity, should have that right. We cannot get to the best possible exploration, whether it’s on this planet or beyond, if…
Billionaire Warren Buffett: HOW to calculate the INTRINSIC VALUE of a STOCK
Actually, it’s very simple. The first investment primer—when would you guess it was written? The first investment primer that I know of, and it was pretty good advice, was delivered in about 600 BC by Aesop. And Aesop, you’ll remember, said, “A bird in th…