yego.me
💡 Stop wasting time. Read Youtube instead of watch. Download Chrome Extension

The Contradiction In The U.S. Constitution


less than 1m read
·Nov 10, 2024

Did you know that one of the greatest mathematicians of the 20th century discovered a logical contradiction in the US Constitution that, if found, could be used to legally change America's democracy into a dictatorship?

Well, he did, but we no longer know what it was. It's been called one of the great unsolved problems of constitutional law, but it's also known as Girdle's Loophole. In 1947, Kurt Girdle discovered the contradiction while studying for the American citizenship test. He told his friend Oscar Morganstern, and then Morganstern told Albert Einstein.

Both of them agreed that it probably wouldn't be exploited. Now, no one ever wrote it down, so we don't know what he had in mind. Was it something about the Electoral College, presidential pardons, or gerrymandering?

Well, there's been a lot of speculation, but I think one of the best guesses is this: Girdle's problem may have been that Article 5 could be seen as self-referential. It circumscribes how the Constitution can and cannot be changed, and yet Article 5 is also part of the Constitution.

If the rules about how the rules can be changed can themselves be changed, well then anything is not only possible or easy but legal. But really, no one knows.

More Articles

View All
Impact of changes to trophic pyramids | High school biology | Khan Academy
What we see here is known as a trophic pyramid, and the word “trophic” in a biology context is referring to food relationships. So, one way to think about this is that it tells us who is eating whom and who is producing energy, and then who is able to lev…
The Cheaper Your Pleasures, The Richer You’ll Be | Minimalist Philosophy
An ancient Greek philosopher named Epicurus believed that we don’t need all these extravagant pleasures to be happy. Expensive luxurious vacations to distant places, accumulating an excessive amount of money and possessions, or acquiring power through pol…
Why Do Cameras Do This? | Rolling Shutter Explained - Smarter Every Day 172
What’s up? I’m Destin. This is Smarter Every Day. Get your phone out. You see that little camera assembly there? Let’s take it out of the phone. Yep. That’s what it looks like. So here’s what we’re going to do. The first thing we’re going to do is pop th…
Definite integral properties (no graph): breaking interval | AP Calculus AB | Khan Academy
We’re given that the definite integral from one to four of f of x dx is equal to six, and the definite integral from one to seven of f of x dx is equal to eleven. We want to figure out the definite integral from four to seven of f of x dx. So, at least i…
A Mexican Wolf Pup’s Journey into the Wild | Podcast | Overheard at National Geographic
Foreign [Music] This is what it sounds like to explore New Mexico’s Gila Wilderness on horseback. On a recent assignment for National Geographic, I got to venture deep into the Gila with a photographer, podcast producer, and a backcountry guide. The Gila …
YouTube vs Grey: A Ballad of Accidental Suspension
‘Twas a Sunday morning when I woke up, happy and ready for the day, when suddenly… [alarm sounding] (as YouTube bot) Your access to YouTube has been suspended. (as Grey) Wha… why? (as YouTube bot) Because of a perceived violation of the terms of servic…