yego.me
💡 Stop wasting time. Read Youtube instead of watch. Download Chrome Extension

The Contradiction In The U.S. Constitution


less than 1m read
·Nov 10, 2024

Did you know that one of the greatest mathematicians of the 20th century discovered a logical contradiction in the US Constitution that, if found, could be used to legally change America's democracy into a dictatorship?

Well, he did, but we no longer know what it was. It's been called one of the great unsolved problems of constitutional law, but it's also known as Girdle's Loophole. In 1947, Kurt Girdle discovered the contradiction while studying for the American citizenship test. He told his friend Oscar Morganstern, and then Morganstern told Albert Einstein.

Both of them agreed that it probably wouldn't be exploited. Now, no one ever wrote it down, so we don't know what he had in mind. Was it something about the Electoral College, presidential pardons, or gerrymandering?

Well, there's been a lot of speculation, but I think one of the best guesses is this: Girdle's problem may have been that Article 5 could be seen as self-referential. It circumscribes how the Constitution can and cannot be changed, and yet Article 5 is also part of the Constitution.

If the rules about how the rules can be changed can themselves be changed, well then anything is not only possible or easy but legal. But really, no one knows.

More Articles

View All
Using Fire to Make Tools | The Great Human Race
On this journey, we need to carry grains, milk, water, processing number materials directly on a fire. So, I want to make some clay pots. Prior to the invention of pottery, our ancestors used organic containers such as animal stomachs and baskets to store…
Worked examples: slope-intercept intro | Mathematics I | High School Math | Khan Academy
Do some practice examples from our intro to slope-intercept exercise. What is the slope of y is equal to negative 4x minus 3? So, you might already recognize this is in slope-intercept form. Just as a reminder, slope-intercept form is y is equal to mx p…
a chill day in my life
Good morning guys, it’s currently 11:20 a.m. - answering YouTube comments - okay so now it’s 12 and I think it’s enough scrolling so I’m just gonna delete all of the social media apps because it takes a lot of time. Let’s do my skincare - skincare time -…
Interpreting equations graphically (example 2) | Mathematics III | High School Math | Khan Academy
Let F of T be ( e^{2T} - 2T^2 ) and H of T be ( 4 - 5T^2 ). The graphs of Y = F(T) and Y = H(T) are shown below. So, Y = F(T) is here in green, so this is really ( Y = e^{2T} - 2T^2 ). We see F(T) right over there, and Y = H(T) is shown in yellow. Alrigh…
Worked example: Rewriting definite integral as limit of Riemann sum | AP Calculus AB | Khan Academy
Let’s get some practice rewriting definite integrals as the limit of a Riemann sum. So let’s say I wanted to take the definite integral from π to 2π of cosine of x dx. What I want to do is write it as the limit as n approaches infinity of a Riemann sum. …
Using a table to estimate P-value from t statistic | AP Statistics | Khan Academy
Katarina was testing her null hypothesis that the true population mean of some data set is equal to zero versus her alternative hypothesis that it’s not equal to zero. Then she takes a sample of six observations, and using that sample, her test statistic,…