yego.me
💡 Stop wasting time. Read Youtube instead of watch. Download Chrome Extension

The Contradiction In The U.S. Constitution


less than 1m read
·Nov 10, 2024

Did you know that one of the greatest mathematicians of the 20th century discovered a logical contradiction in the US Constitution that, if found, could be used to legally change America's democracy into a dictatorship?

Well, he did, but we no longer know what it was. It's been called one of the great unsolved problems of constitutional law, but it's also known as Girdle's Loophole. In 1947, Kurt Girdle discovered the contradiction while studying for the American citizenship test. He told his friend Oscar Morganstern, and then Morganstern told Albert Einstein.

Both of them agreed that it probably wouldn't be exploited. Now, no one ever wrote it down, so we don't know what he had in mind. Was it something about the Electoral College, presidential pardons, or gerrymandering?

Well, there's been a lot of speculation, but I think one of the best guesses is this: Girdle's problem may have been that Article 5 could be seen as self-referential. It circumscribes how the Constitution can and cannot be changed, and yet Article 5 is also part of the Constitution.

If the rules about how the rules can be changed can themselves be changed, well then anything is not only possible or easy but legal. But really, no one knows.

More Articles

View All
Relating unit rate to slope in graphs of proportional relationships | Grade 8 (TX) | Khan Academy
A farmer sold 26 kg of tomatoes for $78. Which graph has a slope that represents the cost of tomatoes in dollars per kilogram? Pause this video, work through this on your own before we do this together. So, if we’re thinking about slope, slope is all ab…
Photo Ark | Series Trailer
[Music] All right, this’ll work. Okay, we’re ready for the cobra. [Music] He’s running away from me. There we go, that’s just the first one. I’m all worn out. Okay, for the past 15 years, I’ve made a thousand trips to photograph over 10,000 species and s…
Weak base equilibria | Acids and bases | AP Chemistry | Khan Academy
An example of a weak base is ammonia (NH3), and ammonia will react with water. In this reaction, water functions as a Brønsted-Lowry acid and donates a proton to ammonia, which functions as a Brønsted-Lowry base and accepts a proton. A proton is H+. So, i…
Can We Save These Rare Toads From Extinction? | National Geographic
[Music] The WNG toad is found only in the Laramy Plains of Wyoming. It’s found nowhere else in the world, and it has the maybe unfortunate distinction of being one of the most endangered amphibians in North America. I think it’s the most endangered amphib…
It Started: Japan Just Broke The US Stock Market
Is America heading towards the recession? The Dow’s down more than 1,000 points as that global selloff intensifies overnight. Japan’s Nikkei plunged 12%; that is its worst day since 1987. Seems like a recession cannot be ruled out just yet. What’s up, yo…
Underestimating the problem of induction
I’m going to talk about two of the biggest problems I can see with the presupposition lists. Attempts to establish a rational basis for inductive reasoning. Hum’s writing on inductive inference draws our attention to the fact that inductive inferences are…