Democratic ideals in the preamble of the US Constitution

This over here is a picture of the Constitutional Convention, which we mentioned happened in 1787. The original intent of the Constitutional Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, but folks like Alexander Hamilton and James Madison really wanted to replace the Articles of Confederation. You can see it's being presided over by George Washington, and it starts the preamble.

It says, "We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."

So once again, pause this video and think about whether you see ideas of popular sovereignty, limited government, social contract, and natural rights going on, even in this preamble, or even from the fact that they took the trouble to create this Constitution.

Well, let's start at the beginning. So it starts with "We the People." We the people are the ones that are creating this Constitution, and not only does it start with "We the People," but "We the People" is intentionally written in this very, very large writing right over here. This is a picture of the Constitution.

So it's really all about "We the People." The people are sovereign. So this idea of popular sovereignty comes out loud and clear in not just the Declaration of Independence but also the U.S. Constitution. The fact that we, the people, are setting up this government — this is all about social contract. They are forming a government; they're forming a social contract with a government that is going to protect, that is going to establish justice, provide for the common defense, and promote the general welfare.

So let me make this clear: this is all social contract. This is what we expect this government that we're creating to do — promote the general welfare and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity. Now, what about things like limited government? Well, just the very fact that we have a Constitution is a sign of limited government.

That it isn't just a pure democracy; that whoever is governing is going to be constrained. The rights of the government are going to be described by this Constitution. We also talked about the blessings of liberty, so this is another reference to natural rights. The Declaration of Independence is a little bit more clear about what natural rights are, a little bit more explicit, but the blessings of liberty do talk about — or that's maybe in reference to natural rights.

And so I will leave you there. As we study U.S. government, both the Declaration of Independence and even more so the U.S. Constitution are going to be things that we keep going back to, to understand how we are trying to form a more perfect union, and what is in line with the vision of our founding fathers and what isn't.